Yesaya 13:4-5

13:4 ¹ There is a loud noise on the mountains –

it sounds like a large army! ² 

There is great commotion among the kingdoms ³  –

nations are being assembled!

The Lord who commands armies is mustering

forces for battle.

13:5 They come from a distant land,

from the horizon. ⁴ 

It is the Lord with his instruments of judgment, ⁵ 

coming to destroy the whole earth. ⁶ 

Yesaya 13:17-18

13:17 Look, I am stirring up the Medes to attack them; ⁷ 

they are not concerned about silver,

nor are they interested in gold. ⁸ 

13:18 Their arrows will cut young men to ribbons; ⁹ 

they have no compassion on a person’s offspring, ¹⁰ 

they will not ¹¹  look with pity on children.

Yesaya 44:28

44:28 who commissions ¹²  Cyrus, the one I appointed as shepherd ¹³ 

to carry out all my wishes ¹⁴ 

and to decree concerning Jerusalem, ‘She will be rebuilt,’

and concerning the temple, ‘It will be reconstructed.’” ¹⁵ 

Yesaya 46:11

46:11 who summons an eagle ¹⁶  from the east,

from a distant land, one who carries out my plan.

Yes, I have decreed, ¹⁷ 

yes, I will bring it to pass;

I have formulated a plan,

yes, I will carry it out.

[13:4]  ¹ sn In vv. 4-10 the prophet appears to be speaking, since the Lord is referred to in the third person. However, since the Lord refers to himself in the third person later in this chapter (see v. 13), it is possible that he speaks throughout the chapter.

[13:4]  ² tn Heb “a sound, a roar [is] on the mountains, like many people.”

[13:4]  ³ tn Heb “a sound, tumult of kingdoms.”

[13:5]  ⁴ tn Heb “from the end of the sky.”

[13:5]  ⁵ tn Or “anger”; cf. KJV, ASV “the weapons of his indignation.”

[13:5]  ⁶ tn Or perhaps, “land” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NLT). Even though the heading and subsequent context (see v. 17) indicate Babylon’s judgment is in view, the chapter has a cosmic flavor that suggests that the coming judgment is universal in scope. Perhaps Babylon’s downfall occurs in conjunction with a wider judgment, or the cosmic style is poetic hyperbole used to emphasize the magnitude and importance of the coming event.

[13:17]  ⁷ tn Heb “against them”; NLT “against Babylon.”

[13:17]  ⁸ sn They cannot be bought off, for they have a lust for bloodshed.

[13:18]  ⁹ tn Heb “and bows cut to bits young men.” “Bows” stands by metonymy for arrows.

[13:18]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the fruit of the womb.”

[13:18]  ¹¹ tn Heb “their eye does not.” Here “eye” is a metonymy for the whole person.

[44:28]  ¹² tn Heb “says to.” It is possible that the sentence is not completed, as the description of Cyrus and his God-given role is developed in the rest of the verse. 45:1 picks up where 44:28a leaves off with the Lord’s actual words to Cyrus finally being quoted in 45:2.

[44:28]  ¹³ tn Heb “my shepherd.” The shepherd motif is sometimes applied, as here, to a royal figure who is responsible for the well-being of the people whom he rules.

[44:28]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “that he might bring to completion all my desire.”

[44:28]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and [concerning the] temple, you will be founded.” The preposition -לְ (lÿ) is understood by ellipsis at the beginning of the second line. The verb תִּוָּסֵד (tivvased, “you will be founded”) is second masculine singular and is probably addressed to the personified temple (הֵיכָל [hekhal, “temple”] is masculine).

[46:11]  ¹⁶ tn Or, more generally, “a bird of prey” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV; see 18:6).

[46:11]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “spoken”; KJV “I have spoken it.”